Everything about Sheffield totally explained
Sheffield is a
city and
metropolitan borough in
South Yorkshire,
England. It is so named because of its origins in a field on the
River Sheaf that runs through the city.
The city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wide economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is estimated at 525,800 people (2006), and it's one of the eight largest
English cities outside
London, which form the
English Core Cities Group. The wider
Sheffield Urban Area, which extends beyond the city proper, has a population of 640,720.
Sheffield obtained world-wide recognition during the 19th century for its production of
steel. Many innovations in the industry were developed locally, including
crucible and
stainless steel. This fuelled an almost tenfold increase in the population during the
Industrial Revolution. It gained its
city charter in 1893 and became officially titled the City of Sheffield. International competition caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, and at the same time the nearby national coal industry collapsed, affecting Sheffield's population.
The beginning of the 21st century has seen extensive redevelopment in many UK cities, including Sheffield. The city's GVA (
gross value added) increased 60 per cent in recent years and, in 2005, reached £8.2 billion. The overall economy experienced steady growth averaging around five per cent annually and, as such, has been growing at a higher rate than has been experienced in Yorkshire and the Humber in general.
The city is geographically diverse, located at the confluence of five rivers, with much of the city having been built on hillsides with views into the city centre or out to the countryside. With an estimated total of over two million trees, Sheffield has more trees per person than any other city in Europe (61% of the city is greenspace).
History
The area that's now the City of Sheffield has been occupied since at least the last
ice age, but the settlements that grew to form Sheffield date from the second half of the 1st millennium, and are of
Anglo-Saxon and
Danish origin. In Anglo-Saxon times the Sheffield area straddled the border between the kingdoms of
Mercia and
Northumbria. The
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that
King Eanred of
Northumbria submitted to
King Egbert of
Wessex at the hamlet of
Dore (now a suburb of Sheffield) in 829. This event made Egbert the first Saxon to claim to be king of all of England. After the
Norman conquest,
Sheffield Castle was built to control the local settlements, and a small town developed that's the nucleus of the modern city.
By 1296 a market had been established at what is now known as
Castle Square, and Sheffield subsequently grew into a small market town. In the 14th century Sheffield was already noted for the production of knives, as mentioned in
Geoffrey Chaucer's
The Canterbury Tales, and by 1600 it had become the main centre of cutlery production in England, overseen by
The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire. From 1570 to 1584
Mary, Queen of Scots was held as a prisoner in Sheffield Castle and
Sheffield Manor. The influx of people also led to demand for better water supplies, and a number of new reservoirs were constructed on the outskirts of the town. The collapse of the dam wall of one of these reservoirs in 1864 resulted in
the Great Sheffield Flood, which killed 270 people and devastated large parts of the town. The growing population also led to the construction of a large number of back-to-back slums, which, along with severe pollution from the factories, inspired
George Orwell, writing in 1937, to declare, "Sheffield, I suppose, could justly claim to be called the ugliest town in the Old World".
A recession in the 1930s was halted by only the increasing international tension as
World War II loomed. The steel factories of Sheffield were set to work making weapons and ammunition for the war. As a result, once war was declared, the city became a target for bombing raids, the heaviest of which occurred over the nights of
12 December and
15 December 1940 (now known as the
Sheffield Blitz). More than 660 lives were lost and numerous buildings were destroyed.
In the 1950s and 1960s, many of the slums were demolished and replaced with housing schemes such as the
Park Hill flats. Large parts of the city centre were also cleared to make way for a new system of roads. made of Sheffield steel.
Governance
The city currently returns six
Members of Parliament to the
House of Commons, but this will be reduced to five at the next election as one constituency,
Hillsborough, will be abolished and merged with three other constituencies.
Sheffield is governed by the elected
Sheffield City Council. For most of the council's history it has been controlled by the
Labour Party, and has historically been noted for its
leftist sympathies; during the 1980s administration under
David Blunkett, the area earned the sarcastic and rather derogatory appellation "
People's Republic of South Yorkshire" from the British Right. However, the
Liberal Democrats controlled the Council briefly at the turn of the 21st century. There are 84 councillors; the current council leader is
Jan Wilson. The city also has a
Lord Mayor. In the past the Office of Mayor had considerable authority, and carried with it executive powers over the finances and affairs of the city council. Today it's simply a ceremonial role. The current (2007/08) Lord Mayor is Arthur Dunworth. During the
English Local Election 2007 the Labour Party lost the council to
NOC, with the
Liberal Democrats gaining enough seats to make it a joint control council, one of 80 that year. The tacit support of the Green party ensured Labour remains in control.
The majority of council-owned facilities are now operated by independent charitable trusts.
Sheffield International Venues runs many of the city's sporting and leisure facilities, including
Sheffield Arena and
Don Valley Stadium.
Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust and the
Sheffield Industrial Museums Trust take care of galleries and museums owned by the council. These include the
Millennium Galleries,
Lyceum Theatre and the
Crucible Theatre.
International links
Sheffield is formally twinned with
Anshan in
China,
Bochum in
Germany,
Donetsk in
Ukraine, and
Esteli in
Nicaragua. There are more informal links with
Kawasaki in
Japan,
Kitwe in
Zambia, and
Pittsburgh in the
United States. Sheffield has also had close links with
Poland, since Polish ex-servicemen who had fought alongside British forces during the
Second World War settled in the city. As a result a Polish
consulate was opened in the City in 1997 (now closed), the first new Polish consulate to open in the UK for over 60 years.
Geography
Sheffield is located at . It lies directly beside
Rotherham, from which it's separated largely by the
M1 motorway. Although
Barnsley Metropolitan Borough also borders Sheffield to the north, the town itself is a few miles further away. The southern and western borders of the city are shared with
Derbyshire; in the first half of the 20th century Sheffield extended its borders south into Derbyshire, annexing a number of villages, including
Totley,
Dore and the area now known as
Mosborough Townships. Directly to the west of the city is the
Peak District National Park and the
Pennine hill range.
Sheffield is a geographically diverse city. The city nestles in a natural amphitheatre created by several hills and the confluence of five rivers:
Don,
Sheaf,
Rivelin,
Loxley and
Porter. As such, much of the city is built on hillsides with views into the city centre or out to the countryside. The city's lowest point is just above
sea level, while some parts of the city are at over . However, 79% of the housing in the city is between 330 and 660 feet (100-200 m) above sea level.
With an estimated total of over two million trees, Sheffield has more trees per person than any other city in Europe. It has over 170 woodlands (covering ), 78 public parks (covering ) and 10 public gardens. Added to the of national park and of water this means that 61% of the city is
greenspace.
Sheffield also has a very wide variety of
habitat, comparing favourably with any city in the
United Kingdom: urban, parkland and woodland, agricultural and arable land, moors, meadows and freshwater-based habitats. Large parts of the city are designated as
sites of special scientific interest including several urban areas.
The present city boundaries were set in 1974 (with slight modification in 1994), when the former
county borough of Sheffield merged with
Stocksbridge Urban District and two parishes from the
Wortley Rural District. This area includes a significant part of the countryside surrounding the main urban region. Roughly a third of Sheffield lies in the
Peak District National Park (no other English city includes parts of a
national park within its boundary), and Sheffield often boasts of being Europe's greenest city, a claim that was reinforced when it won the 2005
Entente Florale competition. This was helped by the fact that Sheffield contains over 150
woodland spaces and 50 public
parks.
Subdivisions
| Sheffield Compared |
| UK Census 2001 |
Sheffield |
South Yorkshire |
England |
| Total population |
513,234 |
1,266,338 |
49,138,831 |
| Foreign born |
6.4% |
8.9% |
9.2% |
| White |
91% |
95% |
91% |
| Asian |
4.6% |
2.6% |
4.6% |
| Black |
1.8% |
0.9% |
2.3% |
| Christian |
69% |
75% |
72% |
| Muslim |
4.6% |
2.5% |
3.1% |
| Hindu |
0.3% |
0.2% |
1.1% |
| No religion |
18% |
14% |
15% |
| Over 75 years old |
8.0% |
7.6% |
7.5% |
| Unemployed |
4.2% |
4.1% |
3.3% |
hamlets that were absorbed into Sheffield as the city grew. These historical areas are largely ignored by the modern administrative and political divisions of the city; instead it's divided into 28 electoral
wards, with each ward generally covering 4–6 areas. The electoral wards are grouped into six
parliamentary constituencies, although because of a different review cycle, the ward and constituency boundaries are currently not all conterminous. Sheffield is largely
unparished, but
Bradfield and
Ecclesfield have parish councils, and
Stocksbridge has a town council.
Demography
People from Sheffield are called
Sheffielders. They are also colloquially known to people in the surrounding towns of Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham and Chesterfield as "dee-dars" (which derives from the traditional pronunciation of the "th" in the dialectal words "thee" and "thou", which is now extremely rare to hear). Many
Yorkshire dialect words and aspects of pronunciation derive from old Norse due to the Viking influence in this region.
At the time of the
2001 UK census, the racial composition of Sheffield's population was 91.2% White, 4.6% Asian, 1.8% Black, and 1.6% mixed. Sheffield also has large ethnic
Polish,
Somali,
Slovak,
Yemeni and
Albanian populations. In terms of religion, 68.6% of the population are
Christian and 4.6%
Muslim. Other religions represent less than 1% each. The number of people without a religion is above the national average at 17.9%, with 7.8% not stating their religion. The largest quinary group is 20- to 24-year-olds (9.4%), mainly because of the large university population (45,000+).
Population change
Below is a table outlining population change of the city since 1801. The total population of Sheffield peaked in 1951 at 577,050, and has since seen a steady decline. Recently the city's population has been growing however and the city has absorbed 12,500 new residents since 2001.
| Year | 1801 |
1851 |
1901 |
1921 |
1941 |
1951 |
1961 |
1971 |
1981 |
1991 |
2001
|
| Population | 60,095 |
161,475 |
451,195 |
543,336 |
569,884 |
577,050 |
574,915 |
572,794 |
530,844 |
528,708 |
513,234
|
| Source: A Vision of Britain through Time |
Economy
| Labour Profile |
|
255,700 |
|
168,000 |
65.7% |
|
87,700 |
34.3% |
|
31,800 |
12.4% |
|
8,500 |
3.3% |
|
214,900 |
84.1% |
| Distribution, hotels & restaurants |
58,800 |
23.0% |
| Transport & communications |
14,200 |
5.5% |
| Finance, IT, other business activities |
51,800 |
20.2% |
| Public admin, education & health |
77,500 |
30.3% |
| Other services |
12,700 |
5.0% |
| Tourism-related |
18,400 |
7.2% |
After many years of decline, the Sheffield economy is going through a strong revival. The 2004
Barclays Bank Financial Planning study revealed that, in 2003, the Sheffield district of
Hallam was the highest ranking area outside London for overall wealth, the proportion of people earning over £60,000 a year standing at almost 12%. A survey by Knight Frank revealed that Sheffield was the fastest-growing city outside of
London for office and residential space and rents during the second half of 2004. Some £250 million was also invested in the city during 2005. The Sheffield economy is worth £7.4 billion (2003 GVA). This can be seen by the current surge of redevelopments, including the
City Lofts Tower and accompanying
St. Pauls Place, Velocity Living, and
the Moor redevelopment, the forthcoming
NRQ and the recently completed
Winter Gardens,
Peace Gardens,
Millennium Galleries, many project under the
Sheffield One redevelopment agency.
Sheffield has an international reputation for metallurgy and
steel-making. Many innovations in these fields have been made in Sheffield.
Benjamin Huntsman discovered the
crucible technique in the 1740s at his workshop in
Handsworth. This process was made obsolete in 1856 by
Henry Bessemer's invention of the
Bessemer converter.
Thomas Boulsover invented
Sheffield Plate (silver-plated copper) in the early 18th century.
Stainless steel was invented by
Harry Brearley in 1912, and the work of
F. B. Pickering and T. Gladman throughout the 1960s, '70s, and '80s was fundamental to the development of modern high-strength low-alloy steels. Further innovations continue, with new advanced manufacturing technologies and techniques being developed on the
Advanced Manufacturing Park by Sheffield's universities and other independent research organisations.
Organisations currently located on the AMP include; the Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC, a research partnership between The Boeing Company and The University of Sheffield), Castings Technology International (Cti) and TWI.
While iron and steel have long been the main industries of Sheffield,
coal mining has also been a major industry, particularly in the outlying areas, and the
Palace of Westminster in
London was built using
limestone from
quarries in the nearby village of
Anston. Other areas of employment include
call centres, the
City Council, universities and
hospitals. Sheffield currently produces more steel per year than at any other time in its history. However, the industry is now less noticeable as it has become highly automated and employs far fewer staff than in the past.
Sheffield is also a major
retail centre, and home to many
High Street and
department stores as well as designer boutiques. The main city centre shopping areas are on
The Moor precinct,
Fargate,
Orchard Square and the
Devonshire Quarter.
Department stores in Sheffield City centre include
John Lewis,
Marks and Spencer,
Atkinsons, Castle House
Co-op,
Debenhams and
Woolworths . Sheffield's main
market is the
Castle Market, built above the remains of the castle. Shopping areas outside the city centre include the
Meadowhall shopping centre and retail park,
Ecclesall Road,
London Road,
Hillsborough and the
Crystal Peaks shopping centre.
Sheffield has a District Energy system which exploits the city's domestic waste, converting it to electricity. It also provides hot water, which is distributed through over of pipes under the city, via two networks. These networks supply heat and hot water for many buildings throughout the city. These include not only cinemas, hospitals, shops, and offices but also universities (
Sheffield Hallam University and the
University of Sheffield), residential properties. Energy generated in a waste plant produces 36MW of thermal energy and up to 6.8MW electrical energy from 115,000 tonnes of waste. It is claimed that for every 100,000MWh of energy supplied by district energy 31,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide is displaced and that for every 100,000MWh of useful energy delivered 154,000MWh of fossil fuel energy is displaced.
In a 2005 survey on spending potential,
Meadowhall came 16th (third in out-of-town shopping centres behind
Bluewater(7th) and
The Trafford Centre(15th)) with £977 million while Sheffield city centre came 18th with £953 million. In a 2004 survey on the top retail destinations, Meadowhall was 20th while Sheffield was 35th.
Transport
There are two main interchanges for all public transport modes (
national and
local rail,
tram,
local buses and
coaches) at
Meadowhall and in the
city centre.
National and international travel
Sheffield is linked into the national motorway network via the
M1 and
M18 motorways. The M1 skirts the north-east of the city, linking Sheffield with
London to the south and
Leeds to the north and crosses
Tinsley Viaduct near Rotherham; the M18 branches from the M1 close to Sheffield, linking the city with
Doncaster,
Robin Hood Doncaster Sheffield Airport and the
Humber ports. The
Sheffield Parkway connects the city centre with the motorways. The
A57 and
A61 roads are the major trunk roads through Sheffield, linking Sheffield with Manchester, Worksop, Barnsley, and Chesterfield. Sheffield is an important hub in the national network of long-distance buses (coaches), and there are direct services from distant cities such as Plymouth and Edinburgh.
The
Midland Main Line railway south from Sheffield links the city to the East Midlands and London: providing direct services to Nottingham, Derby, Leicester, Bedford (the fastest train Sheffield to London is two hours). Also running through Sheffield is the main NE/SW cross-country line which links the East of Scotland and Northeast of England directly with West and South Yorkshire, the West Midlands, and the Southwest: providing direct services to Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Newcastle, Darlington, York, Leeds, Birmingham, Bristol, Taunton, and Exeter. Sheffield also lies on the line linking Liverpool and Manchester with Hull and East Anglia: providing direct services to Liverpool, Manchester, Hull, Lincoln, Ely and Norwich. Sheffield also has good links with its neighbouring towns and cities,
Barnsley,
Doncaster and
Rotherham. The main station for all these services is
Sheffield Midland station on the south-eastern edge of the
city centre. The station at
Meadowhall serves all trains travelling northeast except the fastest. Passenger rail services through Sheffield are provided by
East Midlands Trains,
Cross Country,
TransPennine Express, and
Northern Rail.
The closest international airport to Sheffield is
Doncaster Sheffield Airport, which is located from the city centre. The airport opened on
April 28 2005 and is served mainly by
budget airlines. It currently handles around one million passengers a year.
Sheffield City Airport opened in 1997 but, due in part to its short runway and lack of radar, has been unable to capitalise on the boom in low cost air travel.
Manchester Airport,
Leeds Bradford International Airport and
East Midlands Airport: Nottingham, Leicester, Derby all lie within a one hour's drive of the city. Manchester Airport is connected to Sheffield by
a direct train every hour.
Local travel
The
A57 and
A61 roads are the major trunk roads through Sheffield. These run east-west and north-south, respectively, crossing in the city centre. Other major roads generally radiate spoke-like from the city centre. An inner
ring road, mostly constructed in the 1970s and recently (2007) extended to form a complete ring, allows traffic to avoid the city centre, and an
outer ring road runs to the east, south-east and north, nearer the edge of the city, but doesn't serve the western side of Sheffield.
The hilly topography of Sheffield and its former nature as a centre of industry rather than commerce meant that the city didn't develop as extensive a suburban and inter-urban railway network as other comparable British cities. However, there are several busy local rail routes running along the city's valleys and beyond, connecting it with other parts of
South Yorkshire,
West Yorkshire,
Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire and
Derbyshire. These local routes include the
Penistone Line, the
Dearne Valley Line, the
Hope Valley Line, and the
Hallam Line. As well as the main stations of
Sheffield and
Meadowhall, there are four suburban stations at
Chapeltown,
Darnall,
Woodhouse and
Dore.
The light rail system
Sheffield Supertram (Operated by
Stagecoach Sheffield), opened in 1994, serves the city. Its network consists of three lines, from Halfway to
Malin Bridge, from Meadowhall to
Middlewood, and from Meadowhall to Herdings Park, with all three lines running via the city centre.
A sizeable
bus infrastructure operates from a main hub at
Pond Street bus station. Other bus stations lie at
Halfway,
Hillsborough and
Meadowhall. A flurry of new operators were created after deregulation in 1986, though a series of mergers have reduced the number.
First South Yorkshire, part of
FirstGroup, became by far the largest bus operator and in recent years implemented a series of fare rises and service cuts which saw bus ridership drop.. Recent developments have seen
Stagecoach Sheffield taking over Yorkshire Terrier and expanding their bus services in the city. This has resulted in increased competition, and price drops on certain routes.
Sheffield also offers a free bus service - the FreeBee. This service is operated by TM Travel, and runs every seven minutes between the station and the city centre.
in
2008, the
Bus Rapid Transit Scheme between Sheffield and
Rotherham was approved by the
Yorkshire and Humber Assembly's
Regional Transport Board. There are plans for two routes; One (the Northern route) from via
Meadowhall and
Templeborough, and the other via the developing employment centre and
Waverley.
Although hilly, Sheffield is compact and has few major trunk roads running through it. It is on the
Trans-Pennine Trail, a
National Cycle Network route running from
Southport in the north-west to
Hornsea in the
East Riding, and has a developing Strategic Cycle Network within the city. The
Peak District National Park, an area of outstanding natural beauty popular with both on- and off-road cyclists, is so close to Sheffield that part of the park lies within the city boundary, and there are green routes into the park almost from the city centre.
Sport
Sheffield has a long sporting heritage. In 1857 a collective of
cricketers formed the world's first-ever official
football club,
Sheffield F.C., and by 1860 there were 15 football clubs in Sheffield, with the first ever amateur league and cup competitions taking place in the city. There are now two professional clubs in the
Football League and play in the
Football League Championship:
Sheffield United and
Sheffield Wednesday, both of which formed from cricket clubs, and two major non-league sides: Sheffield F.C. and
Hallam F.C., which also formed from cricket clubs. These are the two oldest club sides in the world and, in addition, Hallam F.C. still play at
the world's oldest football ground near the suburb of
Crosspool. Sheffield and Hallam contest what has become known as the Sheffield derby, whilst United and Wednesday contest the
Steel City derby.
In April 1989, tragedy struck when 96
Liverpool FC fans
died in a crush during their FA Cup semi final at Sheffield Wednesday's
Hillsborough Stadium.
Sheffield also has close ties with
snooker, due to the fact that the city's
Crucible Theatre is the venue for the
World Snooker Championships. Sheffield is known to many
snooker fans as 'Snooker City'. The English
squash open is also held there every year. The International Open
Bowls tournament is held in Sheffield at
Ponds Forge.
The city also boasts the
Sheffield Eagles rugby league,
Sheffield Tigers Rugby Union,
Sheffield Sharks basketball,
Sheffield Steelers ice hockey and
Sheffield Tigers Speedway teams. The track at Owlerton was built in 1929 and the track operated for most of the pre-war era. The track entered teams in 1929 English Dirt Track League, the 1930 and 1931 Northern League. The track operated 1945 to 1950 as members of the Northern League 1946 and National League Division Two 1947 - 1950. It closed early in the 1951 season and staged open fixtures in 1952. It was revived as a member of the 1960 Provincial League and has staged speedway in the majority seaons since.
Sheffield is home to climber
Joe Simpson. Former athlete and world record holder,
Sebastian Coe grew up in the city and began his career as a member of the Hallamshire Harriers.
England Cricket captain
Michael Vaughan also grew up in Sheffield.
Many of Sheffield's extensive sporting facilities were built for the
World Student Games, which the city hosted in 1991. They include the
Don Valley International Athletics Stadium which is the largest athletics stadium in the
UK with a capacity of 25,000,
Sheffield Arena, and
Ponds Forge international diving and swimming complex, where
Olympic medallist
Leon Taylor trains. There are also facilities for golf, climbing and bowling, as well as a newly inaugurated (2003) national ice-skating arena (
IceSheffield). The
Sheffield Ski Village is the largest artificial
ski resort in Europe, and is due to undergo a major expansion soon. There are four major
art galleries, including the modern
Millennium Galleries and the
Site Gallery, which specialises in multimedia. The
Sheffield Walk of Fame in the
City Centre honours famous Sheffielders like the
Hollywood version.
The
Sheffield Arena is located in the Don Valley area just outside the city centre and it's one of the major arenas in the UK hosting big music acts of the world.
Valley Centertainment is an entertainment park on the outskirts of the city centre and features Cineworld Cinemas, Hollywood Bowl and lots of restaurants and bars. It is located next to the
Sheffield Arena and
Meadowhall shopping centre.
The city also has a number of other attractions such as the
Sheffield Winter Gardens and the
Peace Gardens. The
Botanical Gardens recently underwent a £6.7-million-pound restoration. There is also a city farm at Heeley City Farm and a second animal collection in
Graves Park that's open to the public. The city also has several museums, including the
Weston Park Museum, the
Kelham Island Museum, the
Sheffield Fire and Police Museum,
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet and
Shepherd Wheel.
Victoria Quays is also a popular canal-side leisure and office quarter.
There are about
1,000 listed buildings in Sheffield (including the whole of the Sheffield postal district). Of these, only five are Grade I listed. 42 are Grade II*, the rest being Grade II listed. Compared with other English cities Sheffield has few Grade I buildings.
Liverpool, for example, has
26 Grade I listed buildings. This situation led the noted architecture historian
Nikolaus Pevsner, writing in 1959, to comment that the city was "architecturally a miserable disappointment" with no pre-19th century buildings of any distinction. By contrast, in November 2007, Sheffield's Peace and Winter Gardens beat London's South Bank to gain the Royal Institute of British Architects' Academy of Urbanism "Great Place" Award, as an "outstanding example of how cities can be improved, to make urban spaces as attractive and accessible as possible".
The city has many large parks such as
Millhouses Park,
Endcliffe Park and
Graves Park.
Large parts of the city are designated as
sites of special scientific interest (areas of land which the British Government considers to be of special interest by virtue of its fauna, flora, geological or physiographical features) including several urban areas.
Media and film
The films
The Full Monty,
Threads,
When Saturday Comes and
Whatever Happened to Harold Smith? were based in the city.
F.I.S.T. also included several scenes filmed in Sheffield. Besides the story of
The History Boys is set in Sheffield at Cutler's Grammar School. Sheffield's daily
newspaper is the
Sheffield Star, complemented by the weekly
Sheffield Telegraph. Sheffield also has many free publications such as Sandman, Go Sheffield, Exposed, Clunge and Radio Coma. The
BBC's
Radio Sheffield and the independent
Hallam FM and sister station
Magic AM broadcast to the city. The
Sheffield International Documentary Festival, the UK's leading documentary festival, has been run annually since 1994 at the
Showroom Cinema. The annual Lovebytes digital arts festival takes place in Sheffield across a variety of venues. A song by
The Clash (who played their first ever gig in Sheffield at the Black Swan - now known as The
Boardwalk), titled "
This Is England " features the lyric: "This is England / This knife of Sheffield steel / This is England / This is how we feel." Sheffield hosted the
Awards of the International Indian Film Academy in 2007 which was a big success and raised awareness of global warming by having an unconventional green carpet. Internationally recognised design agency
The Designers Republic is based in Sheffield, as well as Universal Everything, Tado and Dust.
Education
Sheffield has two
universities, the
University of Sheffield and
Sheffield Hallam University. The two combined bring 55,000 students to the city every year, including many from the
Far East. As a result of its large student population, Sheffield has many bars, cafes, clubs and shops as well as student housing to accommodate them.
Sheffield has two
further education colleges.
Sheffield College is organised on a collegiate basis and was originally created from the merger of six colleges around the city, since reduced to just four: Castle in the city centre, Hillsborough, Crystal Peaks on the outskirts and
Norton, each operating as semi-autonomous constituents of Sheffield College.
Longley Park Sixth Form College, managed by the
Local Education Authority opened in 2004.
There are also 141
primary schools and 27
secondary schools - of which seven have
sixth forms for example
Tapton School - and seven private schools, most notably
Birkdale School and the
Sheffield High School for Girls.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Sheffield'.
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